Understanding Trauma Bonds: Why We Stay In Harmful Relationships

Jennifer Yeager • January 15, 2025


Trauma Bonds
Trauma bonds are complex emotional attachments formed in abusive or toxic relationships. For many, they are a confusing and painful experience, often leaving individuals wondering, “Why do I feel so attached to someone who hurts me?” Let’s explore the nature of trauma bonds, how they develop, and how to start healing.

What Is a Trauma Bond?
At its core, a trauma bond is a deep emotional connection that develops between an individual and their abuser. This bond often forms as a result of cycles of abuse and intermittent reinforcement, where periods of intense mistreatment are followed by moments of affection, apology, or calm. These highs and lows create a powerful emotional dependency, making it difficult to leave the relationship.

How Trauma Bonds Form
Trauma bonds are not a sign of weakness or flaw but a natural psychological response to intense stress and manipulation. Several factors contribute to their formation:

1. Intermittent Reinforcement: Unpredictable cycles of reward and punishment keep you emotionally hooked. You may start to focus on the good moments, hoping they’ll return.

2. Survival Instincts: When faced with trauma, our brains prioritize attachment to those around us, even if they’re the source of harm. It’s a survival mechanism rooted in human evolution.

3. Shame and Guilt: Abusers often manipulate their victims into feeling responsible for the abuse, deepening feelings of unworthiness and fostering dependence.

4. Hope for Change: Many victims hold on to the belief that their abuser can change, which prolongs the attachment.

Recognizing a Trauma Bond
If you suspect you may be in a trauma bond, here are some signs to look for:
- You feel stuck in the relationship, even though you know it’s harmful.
- You rationalize or downplay the abuser’s behavior.
- You experience an intense longing for the abuser, even after leaving.
- You find yourself unable to break free despite support from loved ones.

Breaking Free
Healing from a trauma bond is a process that requires time, support, and self-compassion. Here are some steps to help you start:

1. Seek Professional Help: Therapists can provide tools to process your emotions and understand the dynamics of abuse.

2. Educate Yourself: Learning about trauma bonds and abuse can help you recognize patterns and validate your experience.

3. Build a Support Network: Surround yourself with people who care about you and can offer encouragement.

4. Practice Self-Compassion: Remind yourself that forming a trauma bond was a survival mechanism. You are not at fault.

5. Set Boundaries: Limiting or cutting off contact with the abuser is often necessary for healing.

A Message of Hope
Breaking free from a trauma bond is challenging but entirely possible. It starts with recognizing the bond for what it is and seeking the help you need to heal. You deserve relationships rooted in mutual respect, love, and safety.

If this resonates with you or someone you know, know that you are not alone. Reach out, seek support, and take one step at a time toward a healthier, freer future.


By Jennifer Yeager June 11, 2025
Infidelity is one of the most deeply painful experiences that can happen in a marriage. Whether it’s a physical affair, an emotional connection outside the relationship, or even digital betrayal, the discovery often sends shockwaves through every part of a couple’s life. If you're reading this, there's a good chance you're trying to make sense of something that has turned your world upside down. You may be feeling broken, disoriented, or unsure if your relationship—or your heart—can ever recover. You're not alone. And while there’s no one-size-fits-all roadmap, healing is possible. The Earthquake of Betrayal When infidelity enters a marriage, it's rarely just about the behavior—it’s about what it represents. For the betrayed partner, it often feels like the foundation of safety, loyalty, and shared reality has been pulled away. What was once assumed—“I can count on you,” “We’re on the same team”—is suddenly up for question. Many describe it as a kind of relational trauma. That’s because betrayal doesn’t just hurt—it can dysregulate your nervous system. You may feel on high alert, unable to sleep, obsessing over details, or even questioning your own memory and worth. The emotional pain can feel physical. The anxiety and panic may come in waves. This is not weakness. This is your body trying to make sense of a deep rupture in trust. For the Partner Who Had the Affair If you’re the one who was unfaithful, you might be carrying your own form of pain—shame, guilt, regret, confusion. You may be facing the reality of how your actions have impacted someone you care about, and you might also be reckoning with your own unmet needs, patterns, or blind spots. It’s possible to hold both accountability and compassion—for yourself and for your partner. But it starts with honesty: not just about what happened, but about what it meant. Infidelity often points to disconnection, avoidance, or unresolved pain that wasn’t being named or tended to in the relationship—or within the self. What Infidelity Can Reveal About a Relationship Contrary to popular belief, affairs don’t always happen in “bad” marriages. Sometimes the relationship looks functional on the surface. But underneath, there may be emotional distance, avoidance of conflict, resentment, loneliness, or a loss of intimacy. Infidelity can expose these buried dynamics. While that doesn’t justify betrayal, it helps us understand it. And when both partners are willing to look beneath the surface, there’s potential for real growth. That said, the betrayal must be addressed first—before the relationship can be rebuilt. The betrayed partner must feel emotionally safe enough to share their pain without being minimized, blamed, or rushed to forgive. Rebuilding After Infidelity: What Does Healing Actually Look Like? Healing after infidelity isn’t about “getting over it.” It’s about moving through it with intention, truth, and care. Here’s what that often involves: 1. Emotional Safety and Stabilization Before repair is possible, the betrayed partner must feel emotionally safe. This means the affair is over, communication is honest, and emotional reactions—however intense—are met with empathy, not defensiveness. 2. Truth-Telling and Transparency The truth is painful, but secrets and lies prolong the suffering. Couples often need a structured space (like therapy) to talk about what happened, why it happened, and what it means moving forward. 3. Grieving the Loss Even if the couple stays together, something has been lost—the “us” that once was. Both partners may need to grieve not just the affair, but what the relationship used to represent. 4. Exploring the Deeper Roots Why did this happen? What was going on internally, relationally, or historically that made space for betrayal? This isn’t about blame—it’s about insight, pattern awareness, and growth. 5. Rebuilding Trust (Slowly) Trust doesn’t come back all at once. It’s rebuilt in hundreds of small moments: showing up consistently, being emotionally present, telling the truth, and staying steady when emotions are high. 6. Reconnecting with Intimacy True intimacy—emotional, physical, spiritual—can be rebuilt over time. But it must be mutual, chosen, and safe. Some couples discover deeper layers of connection than they ever knew possible. Should We Stay Together? Not every couple chooses to stay together after an affair. Some relationships end, and that can be a path to healing too. What matters most is making that decision with clarity—not from a place of fear, reactivity, or unresolved trauma. Therapy can help couples slow down, explore all sides of the situation, and make decisions with dignity and self-awareness. A Gentle Invitation If you’re hurting right now—if you feel lost, angry, numb, or unsure of what to do next—I want you to know this: Your pain is real. Your story matters. You deserve support that honors the complexity of what you're going through. Whether you want to repair your marriage, understand what happened, or simply find your footing again, you don't have to walk this path alone. Therapy offers a place to be heard without judgment—and to discover what healing can look like for you.
By Jennifer Yeager May 24, 2025
Conflict in marriage is inevitable—but it doesn’t have to be destructive. In fact, healthy conflict can be one of the most powerful tools for growth and intimacy in a relationship. The key lies in how you fight, not whether you fight. Establishing rules for fair fighting helps couples stay connected even in moments of disagreement, transforming tension into an opportunity for deeper understanding. Here’s how to develop your own set of fair fighting rules for a healthier marriage: 1. Start with a Shared Commitment Before diving into specific rules, both partners need to agree on the why. The goal of fair fighting isn’t to “win” but to understand each other and solve problems together. When you both commit to protecting the relationship—not just your individual positions—you set the stage for productive conflict. 2. Agree on a Time-Out Signal Sometimes emotions run high and logic runs out. Establishing a mutually agreed-upon time-out signal gives either partner the right to pause the conversation without judgment. The key is to also agree on when you’ll come back to it—ideally within 24 hours. Avoidance isn’t resolution. 3. Use “I” Statements Blaming language (“You always...” or “You never...”) escalates tension. Instead, use “I” statements that focus on your own experience: “I felt dismissed when my opinion was cut off in the conversation.” This keeps the focus on emotions and needs, rather than accusations. 4. Stay on One Topic Fights can spiral quickly when couples bring up past arguments or unrelated grievances. Practice staying focused on the issue at hand. If something else needs to be discussed, jot it down for later—don’t pile it on in the heat of the moment. 5. Ban the “Four Horsemen” Relationship researcher Dr. John Gottman identified four toxic behaviors that predict divorce: Criticism Contempt Defensiveness Stonewalling Make a joint promise to catch and replace these with healthier alternatives like curiosity, empathy, and calm self-expression. 6. No Name-Calling or Character Attacks It sounds obvious, but in moments of anger, it’s easy to slip into insults or personal attacks. Set a clear boundary that name-calling, yelling, or demeaning language is off-limits. Disrespect undermines safety, and safety is non-negotiable in healthy conflict. 7. Take Responsibility It’s hard, but owning your part in a conflict builds trust. Even if you feel 90% right, look for the 10% you can own. This shifts the energy from blame to collaboration and often invites your partner to do the same. 8. Focus on Resolution, Not Retaliation Ask yourself: What do I want to be different after this conversation? Aim for solutions, not point-scoring. When both partners look for compromise or clarity, conflict becomes a path toward connection—not a battleground. 9. End with Reconnection After resolving a disagreement (or even agreeing to disagree), close the loop with something reconnecting: a hug, a check-in, or simple words like, “I’m glad we could talk that through.” This reinforces safety and helps prevent lingering resentment. 10. Revisit Your Rules Periodically Just like marriage, your conflict habits evolve. Check in every few months: Are our rules still working? Do we need to tweak anything? Stay flexible and intentional. Final Thoughts: Fighting fair doesn’t mean avoiding conflict. It means showing up with care, respect, and humility—especially when it’s hard. With the right ground rules, conflict can be a bridge to a stronger, more connected marriage.
By Jennifer Yeager May 14, 2025
When trauma shows up in a relationship, it can feel like you and your partner are fighting battles you don’t even understand. Suddenly, small moments—like a certain look, a missed text, or a sharp tone—become big triggers. You might wonder, “Why is this happening? Why can’t we get past this?” The answer often lies in the impact of trauma on our nervous systems and attachment patterns. What is PACT Therapy? PACT stands for Psychobiological Approach to Couple Therapy, developed by Dr. Stan Tatkin. It’s a cutting-edge model that blends: Attachment theory (how we bond with others), Developmental neuroscience (how our brain and nervous system affect relationships), Arousal regulation (how we manage stress and emotional intensity). PACT focuses on creating a secure-functioning relationship, where both partners operate as a team, prioritizing safety, fairness, and mutual care. Trauma & The Relationship System Trauma doesn’t just live in the past. It gets stored in our bodies and nervous systems, often outside of conscious awareness. Through implicit memory, past hurts can get triggered by present-day interactions, even if they don’t logically make sense. For example: A tone of voice might stir up an old memory of being criticized. A moment of emotional distance might echo feelings of abandonment from childhood. These reactions happen in the body before the mind can “think it through.” In relationships, this can lead to automatic responses like shutting down, lashing out, or withdrawing—not because you don’t love your partner, but because your nervous system is trying to protect you. What Does “Secure-Functioning” Mean? In a secure-functioning relationship: Both partners are committed to being each other's safe person. The relationship becomes a secure base, where vulnerability is met with care. Partners prioritize mutual regulation—helping each other calm down and stay connected. Secure-functioning isn’t about never having conflict. It’s about how quickly and effectively you repair, reconnect, and reassure each other after conflict. How PACT Helps Couples Heal from Trauma Here’s how PACT specifically supports couples where trauma is part of the picture: 1. In-the-Moment Awareness PACT therapists pay close attention to subtle cues—facial expressions, posture shifts, vocal tone—that reveal when trauma responses are being triggered. By slowing down and noticing these reactions, couples can begin to respond differently. 2. Co-Regulation Skills Rather than managing distress alone, PACT teaches partners to co-regulate—to soothe each other’s nervous systems. This might look like offering a gentle touch, softening your voice, or validating your partner’s feelings in the moment. 3. Creating New Relational Experiences Each time partners successfully navigate a trigger with care and attunement, the brain starts to rewire. New, positive experiences begin to overwrite the old, painful implicit memories. 4. Building a Relationship that Feels Safe The ultimate goal of PACT is to help couples create a secure-functioning system where both people feel safe, supported, and valued. Over time, this becomes a powerful container for healing trauma. Why It Matters When trauma gets activated, it’s easy to fall into patterns of self-protection that push your partner away. PACT helps couples break these cycles—not by blaming or pathologizing—but by fostering compassionate understanding and teaching partners how to be a safe haven for each other. Healing happens in connection. Final Thought You don’t have to be “perfectly healed” before having a healthy relationship. With PACT, the relationship itself becomes part of the healing journey. A secure-functioning relationship isn’t just possible after trauma—it’s one of the most powerful tools for healing it.